1. Plants In The Everglades

Pets are allowed on a 6-foot (2-meter) leash in parking lots and campgrounds, but not on trails or in wilderness areas. Please familiarize yourself with and follow the Everglades National Park Pet Policies. Do not feed wildlife. For their safety as well as yours, animals should eat only their natural foods.

Florida EvergladesWetlands:OverviewWetlands are just-that wetlands. They are transition zones between dry lands and waterways. Sometimesthey are referred to as swamps, bogs, fens, bays, or marshes. Wetlandsare found on every continent except Antarctica, and they can be any size-rangingfrom a small spot in a field to an area of several hundred square miles.But what makes a wetland a wetland? Some agencies define wetlands as areasthat have water present at or near the ground's surface for as few asseven consecutive days.

Other agencies state that water must be presentfor a longer period of time in order for an area to be classified as wetlands.Although the exact definition of wetlands may vary, all wetlands sharethree characteristics: the ability to hold water ( ),the presence of moistto wet soil ( ), andthe presence of water plants ( ). Tolearn more about the definition of a wetland and the various types ofwetlands, visit page.Wetlands form when water collectsin a low-lying area where the soil has very poor drainage. The water thatfills wetlands comes from many sources. Precipitation is a major sourceof water for many wetlands.

Other wetlands are maintained by water thatperiodically overflows rivers, lakes, etc. A third source of waterfor wetlands is -water that flows underground and sometimesemerges at the surface of the soil. All three of these sources-precipitation,overflow, and groundwater-deliver water to wetlands on regular cyclescalled, based on the natural cycle ofwater through the (see below figure).The water cycle:Liquid waterfrom oceans, lakes, swamps, rivers, and even plants and people evaporatesto form gaseous water (water vapor); the water vapor condenses to formclouds, which are millions of tiny drops of water; the clouds lose theirwater as precipitation ( e.g. Rain or snow); the precipitationhits the ground and eventually flows to therivers or enters the ground water system; water in the rivers flows to the ocean whilemuch of the water in the ground is taken up by plants; water evaporatesfrom the rivers, oceans, and plants to the atmosphere, and so the cyclecontinues.All types of wetlands-no mattertheir location-are interesting areas in which the are closely linked. For example, the activities of some Microorganismsin a wetlands result in the production of methane thatis released into the. Meanwhile, certain atmosphericgases such as carbon dioxide may be trapped in the moist soil of a wetlands.In addition, many Microorganisms and plants in the biosphere filter toxinsand excessive nutrients from the hydrosphere as water flows through thewetlands.

This filtering effect is just one of the many important of wetlands in nature.The environmental cycles thatoccur within each of these spheres are also closely linked. Since allliving things require water, the cycle of water through wetlands directlyaffects the biological cycles of the uniqueof Microorganisms, plants, and animals that live there. Cycles ofwildfires-whichcorrespond to cycles of wet and dry periods-also impact biological cycles.The rock cycle is yet another process affected by the presence of water(see figure below).

Plants In The Everglades

Fast-moving water erodes soil and rock, carrying themaway toward the ocean, while slow-moving water allows the soil, or,it carries to fall to the bottom of the water channel. This process mayeventually result in the formation of.The rock cycle:Rocks change form amongthree types-metamorphic (rock that has been altered by heat and/or pressure),igneous (rock that has formed from cooled melted rock), and sedimentary(rock that is formed by the fusion of pieces of weathered or erodedrock, this may also include pieces of dead organisms.Throughout history, peoplehave tried to in variousways. Each attempt has had significant impacts on the delicate natural balanceof cycles within these ecosystems.

Long ago people began draining thewater from wetlands and filling them with soil so that the land couldbe developed for agricultural as well as commercial and residential use.People have also constructed dikes, dams and canals that change the pathof water flow in order to supply sufficient amounts of water to agricultural,commercial and residential areas. This change in water flow has causedmany wetlands to go dry. Whatever the cause, when wetlands dry up a chain reaction of negative environmental impacts is set into motion.For example, the lack of water in wetlands can result in the disappearanceof crayfish. Raccoons and other animals that eat the crayfish wouldsuffer-even starve to death-because of the loss of thisfood source. Carnivores that may not live in the wetlands, but rely onthe raccoons and other wetlands animals as, may find themselveslooking for new food sources as well. Currently, many groups are restoringand creating wetlands in an effort to correct past mistakes and to takeadvantage of the beneficialof these ecosystems.For more information on wetlands,visit:Overview.HTML code byMaintained byLast updatedApril 28, 2005Some images © 2004www.clipart.comand ©1997-2004 by Wheeling Jesuit University/NASA-supported Classroom of the Future. Allrights reserved.Center for Educational Technologies, CircuitBoard/Apple graphic logo, and COTF Classroom of the Future logo are registeredtrademarks of Wheeling Jesuit University.

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Alligator crossing the Anhinga Trail.NPS photoThe winter dry season is the best time for wildlife viewing in the park. Weather conditions are generally pleasant during the winter and standing water levels are low, causing wildlife to congregate at central water locations. Shark Valley, the Anhinga Trail (at Royal Palm), and Eco Pond (one mile past the Flamingo Visitor Center) are good for viewing alligators, wading birds, and other freshwater wildlife. Canoeists can paddle into Snake Bight (near Flamingo) and Chokoloskee Bay (Gulf Coast) before low tide to witness large numbers of water birds feeding in the shallows and on mud flats. A productive freshwater canoeing area is Nine Mile Pond and adjacent borrow pits (11 miles, or 18 km, up the road from Flamingo).

Wildlife Viewing EthicsObserving wild animals in their natural environment is a privilege. It is your responsibility to keep wildlife wild by being respectful of the animals and their habitat. Give wildlife plenty of space.

Binoculars and spotting scopes allow you to view wildlife without getting too close. Always give wildlife an avenue for retreat, and never chase any animal. Learn to recognize signs of alarm. These are sometimes subtle, and they vary among species, but may include increased movements such as agitated flapping or pacing, heightened muscle tension, staring, or frequent vocalizations. If you sense that an animal is disturbed by your presence, back off.

If it still does not resume its normal behaviors, please retreat and leave the area. Be respectful of rookeries, nesting grounds, and denning areas. Well-meaning but intrusive visitors may cause parents to flee, leaving young vulnerable to the elements or to predators. Stay on designated trails whenever possible. Leave “orphaned” or sick animals alone. Young animals that appear alone typically have parents waiting nearby.

Pets are not allowed on most trails in the park. Pets are allowed on a 6-foot (2-meter) leash in parking lots and campgrounds, but not on trails or in wilderness areas. Please familiarize yourself with and follow the. Do not feed wildlife. For their safety as well as yours, animals should eat only their natural foods. It is dangerous and illegal to feed or harass wildlife.

Tread lightly. If you choose to venture into the wilderness, remember that you are a guest in the homes of the animals you seek. Avoid disturbing sensitive habitats such as fragile wetlands. Share the experience. Respect other park visitors. Be aware of other wildlife watchers and avoid unnecessarily marring their wildlife viewing opportunities and enjoyment.